A researcher examines the Marcellus shale outcrop in West Virginia.Source: US Department of Energy, Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States: A Primer, April 2009, p. 14.
Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturingSource: Ihara Masaru, “Hi-zairaigata no gen’yu to tennnen gasu no seisan ni kakaru gijutsu topikku”(Technological Topics Concerning Unconventional Oil and Gas Development), JOGMEC website, October 2011, p. 8.
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