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A print depicting the start of Japan’s first rail service, from Tokyo’s Shinbashi to Yokohama, in 1872. Utagawa Hiroshige III, 1872. (Courtesy of the Minato City Local History Museum)
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An image of the Tomioka Silk Mill in Gunma Prefecture. Utagawa Kuniteru II, 1873. (Courtesy of the National Diet Library)
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The first Domestic Industrial Exposition. Kobayashi Kiyochika, 1877. (Courtesy of the National Diet Library)
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Matsukata Masayoshi (1835–1924) served multiple terms as minister of finance and was prime minister twice, in 1891–92 and 1896–98. (Courtesy of the National Diet Library)
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Children learn at a terakoya. Issunshi Hanasato, ca. 1844–48. (Courtesy of the Tokyo Metropolitan Library)
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A replica of an Armstrong gun stands at the Saga Castle History Museum in Saga Prefecture. (Courtesy of the Saga Castle History Museum)